Remember to Screen the Spleen: A Case Study of Spontaneous Splenic Rupture

Introduction: Splenic rupture is a potentially life-threatening condition often associated with trauma or viral infection. Most cases of splenic rupture are due to trauma, viral infection, lymphoproliferative disease, malaria, tick borne illness, splenic neoplasms, connective tissue disease, or in one case, sneezing. Spontaneous splenic rupture (SSR) is a rare condition with less than five cases reported. In this case, we present a 20-year-old male who was seen with abdominal pain who was found to have an SSR with no clear etiology. Case Description/Methods: A 20-year-old male with no relevant past medical history presented with abdominal pain that radiated to the left shoulder. The patient reported the pain began after an episode of emesis which occurred 12 hours prior to arrival. He reported experiencing shortness of breath and pain on inspiration. He denied any fall or trauma, recent travel or sick contacts, fevers, weight loss, or night sweats. His social history was significant for occasional marijuana use. Upon physical exam, the patient had diffuse abdominal tenderness most pronounced in the left upper quadrant without any palpable masses. Relevant labs included a hemoglobin of 12.2, WBC count within normal limits and unremarkable manual differential, and an INR of 1. Blood parasite, heterophile antibodies, COVID, influenza, CMV, and HIV were negative. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed hematoma at the splenic hilum. Interventional radiology was consulted and did not recommend intervention at time of initial presentation. Patient was admitted;his hemoglobin remained stable and he was monitored with serial abdominal exam then discharged the following day. Imaging was repeated one month later which revealed near complete resolution of hematoma. (Figure) Discussion: SSR should be considered on the differential diagnosis of physicians when encountering patients who present with LUQ pain with unclear etiology. The patient presented with the characteristic Kehr's sign (left diaphragmatic irritation resulting in referred pain to the left shoulder) but not the Ballance sign (palpable tender mass in the left upper quadrant). The incidence of SSR is estimated to be around 1 to 7% with a mortality rate of 12.2% so a broad differential for young patients presenting with abdominal pain must be entertained and should include splenic rupture as it is a potentially life-threatening condition.

A Case Report of Ivermectin-Induced Liver Failure

Introduction: Ivermectin is an antiparasitic medication that is primarily metabolized by the liver. During the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers demonstrated that Ivermectin successfully inhibited the replication of SARS-COV-2 in vivo, but current research has failed to demonstrate clinical benefit for treatment of COVID-19. Despite this, misinformation campaigns have misled patients to ingest Ivermectin at concentrations meant for domestic animals. Here, we present a case of acute liver failure secondary to the use of Ivermectin. Case Description/Methods: A 61-year-old man with medical history of ischemic cardiomyopathy with last echocardiogram showing ejection fraction at 21%, atrial fibrillation on warfarin for oral anticoagulation, and previously treated Hepatitis C presented with generalized weakness and yellowish discoloration of the skin worsening over the last two weeks. The patient denied significant alcohol use, acetaminophen use, or illicit drugs. He admitted to injecting himself with two doses of weight-based horse ivermectin, for COVID prophylaxis, two weeks prior to his presentation. Physical exam was pertinent for scleral icterus and hepatomegaly with no abdominal tenderness. Initial labs revealed elevated liver chemistries in a mixed pattern (Figure 1). Acute hepatitis panel, HSV, and CMV were negative. Hepatitis C antibodies were positive, but the patient was in sustained virologic response. Full workup for chronic liver disease was unremarkable. Ultrasound revealed hepatosplenomegaly with patent portal and hepatic vasculature. Subsequently, the patient developed hepatic encephalopathy along with his coagulopathy, raising concern for acute hepatic failure. The patient was transferred to the ICU and started on NAcetylcysteine, rifaximin, and supportive care. The patient recovered well and fortunately did not require liver transplant. Discussion(s): While the FDA recommends against the use of Ivermectin for COVID-19, many continue to inappropriately consume it. Ivermectin-induced liver failure is a rare but deadly side effect. Given our patient's rapid onset of symptoms post-self injection of Ivermectin, his liver injury was presumed to be related to Ivermectin. The drug interaction between Ivermectin and warfarin had worsened the patients coagulopathy. Physicians should be aware of the ways Ivermectin overdose may clinically present to avoid delayed treatment. This case demonstrates the detriments of perpetuation of medical misinformation to care.

L-Ornithine-L-Aspartate and Intermittent Renal Replacement Therapy in Fulminant Hepatitis A: A Case Report

Hepatitis A is a common viral infection worldwide that is transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Since the introduction of an efficient vaccine, the incidence of infection has decreased but the number of cases has risen due to widespread community outbreaks among unimmunized individuals. Classic symptoms include fever, malaise, dark urine, and jaundice, and are more common in older children and adults. People are often most infectious 14 days prior to and 7 days following the onset of jaundice. We will discuss the case of a young male patient, diagnosed with acute hepatitis A, leading to fulminant hepatitis refractory to conventional therapy and the development of subsequent kidney injury. The medical treatment through the course of hospitalization was challenging and included the use of L-ornithine-L-aspartate and prolonged intermittent hemodialysis, leading to a remarkable outcome. Hepatitis A is usually self-limited and vaccine-preventable;supportive care is often sufficient for treatment, and chronic infection or chronic liver disease rarely develops. However, fulminant hepatitis, although rare, can be very challenging to manage as in the case of our patient.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s).

Recurrent intussusception with ileal perforation as a complication of Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome in a pediatric patient

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a rare congenital condition, characterized by multiple venous malformations that may involve any organ system, most commonly the skin or the gastrointestinal tract. These lesions are often responsible for chronic blood loss and secondary anemia, and in rare situations may cause severe complications such as intussusception, volvulus, and intestinal infarction. Intussusception as a complication of BRBNS, although a known complication of the disease, has rarely been reported, especially in the Philippines. In the Philippine Society for Orphan Disorders, only 2 cases of BRBNS are currently included in the organization, including the patient presented in the case report. The treatment of BRBNS that involves the gastrointestinal tract depends on the extent of intestinal involvement and severity of the disease. The treatment aims to preserve the GI tract as much as possible due to the high recurrence in the disease. In this case report, we present a 13 year-old male with BRBNS with previous history of intussusception, successfully managed conservatively;however, upon recurrence, underwent exploratory laparotomy wherein a subcentimeter perforation in the antimesenteric border of the proximal ileum was noted, together with a gangrenous intussuscipiens, and multiple mulberry-like formations on the antimesenteric border of the small bowels. Histopathological findings of the resected bowels showed multiple cavernous hemangiomas consistent with BRBNS. The postoperative course of the patient was unremarkable.Copyright © 2023 The Authors

Protein S Deficiency with Favourable Foetomaternal Outcome: A Case Report

Protein S is a multifunctional plasma protein, whose deficiency, results in a rare congenital thrombophilia, inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. It can aggravate the hypercoagulable state of pregnancy, when it presents in parallel with the condition, leading to adverse maternal outcomes and foetal loss. A 35-year-old female third gravida having previous 2 deliveries by Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS) presented to emergency at 10 weeks pregnancy with chief complaints of pain and swelling in left thigh since 4-5 days. After thorough investigations and work-up, the patient was diagnosed with Protein S deficiency. She was managed conservatively and was delivered by elective LSCS with bilateral tubal ligation at 38 weeks of gestation with good foetal and maternal outcomes.The rarity of Protein S deficiency along with the successful outcome of the pregnancy makes this a unique case.Copyright © 2023 Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All rights reserved.

A Rare COVID-19 Presentation, Relapse of Nephrotic Syndrome in a Pediatric Patient

Background: In early 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemics caused previously unheard of health, social, and economic problems worldwide. The disease can affect different organs such as the lungs, heart, pancreas, kidney, and unusual symptoms can be seen. Information on the clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on renal function among pediatric age groups is scarce. Case Report: In this report, we presented a 13-year-old boy who was admitted to our hospital with the relapse of nephrotic syndrome caused by COVID-19. The patient had mild upper respiratory tract symptoms, eyelid edema and progressive swelling of the lower extremities. Clinical remission was achieved with oral prednisolone therapy without the use of any antiviral drugs. Conclusion(s): Patients with nephrotic syndrome presenting with relapse should be evaluated for potential COVID-19 infection during the pandemic. The use of routine doses of prednisolone appears to be safe in mild disease. Copyright © 2023 by Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine.

Early Clinical Interventions Dictate Favorable Outcomes: A Case of Lemierre Syndrome

INTRODUCTION: Lemierre's syndrome (LS) is characterized by fever, sore throat, neck swelling and tenderness, and septic thrombophlebitis of the jugular vein. It remains a fatal disease as serious complications commonly arise. DESCRIPTION: 20-year-old male patient with not known past medical history endorsed 1 week of sore throat, emesis, loose stools, weight loss as well as dyspnea associated with bilateral, non-pleuritic chest pain, night sweats, myalgias and subjective fever sensation. Patient was initially hypoxic, hypotensive, tachycardic, tachypneic and febrile, with scleral icterus, lymphadenopathy of neck and jaw bilaterally, enlarged tonsils, and diffuse abdominal tenderness. Laboratory results showed leukocytosis with neutrophile predominance, anemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated inflammatory markers. There was also pre-renal acute kidney injury, elevated alkaline phosphatase and hyperbilirubinemia. SARS-CoV-2 tests were negative. Initial computerized tomography (CT) of the chest showed extensive peripheral ground-glass nodules and rounded consolidations, with lower lobe predominance. Admission to medical ICU was warranted. Initial blood cultures showed no identification of speciation;Ceftriaxone was started with satisfactory response. However, patient developed worsening shortness of breath, orthopnea, rightsided neck pain and erythema. Repeat imaging showed new airspace opacities in both lungs with cavitation consistent with septic emboli, and thrombophlebitis of right jugular vein with no abscess. At that point, blood cultures grew Fusobacterium necrophorum and metronidazole was started. A four-week course was completed upon discharge with satisfactory response. DISCUSSION: Lemierre's syndrome remains as a rare but potentially fatal entity. Internal jugular vein (IJV) thrombophlebitis occurs through infection of the lateral pharyngeal space. Pulmonary metastases are common. Metronidazole comprises the foundation of the treatment given its tissue penetration and activity against all strains of Fusobacterium spp. Data regarding anticoagulation efficacy is limited. Clinicians should maintain high clinical suspicion, and a multidisciplinary approach with broad collaboration among specialties is imperative to aid early diagnosis and better clinical outcomes.

ACUTE HEPATIC SEQUESTRATION CRISIS: AN OFTEN UNDERDIAGNOSED AND FATAL SYNDROME

SESSION TITLE: Critical Renal and Endocrine Disorders Case Report Posters SESSION TYPE: Case Report Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/17/2022 12:15 pm - 01:15 pm INTRODUCTION: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by an abnormal beta-globin chain of hemoglobin (Hb) that leads to malformed sickled cells with a multitude of downstream microvascular occlusions and anemia. While splenic infarction is by far the most common gastrointestinal (GI) manifestation, vaso-occlusion may occur in the liver, leading to an acute hepatic crisis. Acute hepatic sequestration of sickled erythrocytes is an exceedingly rare manifestation. CASE PRESENTATION: A 43-year-old man with homozygous sickle cell disease complicated by End-Stage renal disease was admitted with generalized malaise, right upper quadrant (RUQ) abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. He was febrile with a temperature of 38.1°C, hypotensive with a blood pressure of 93/61 mmHg and tachycardic with a heart rate of 120 bpm. He was lethargic and uncomfortable with diffuse abdominal tenderness without guarding. Due to concern for septic shock, blood cultures, COVID PCR and influenza were obtained, and the patient was rapidly transferred to the intensive care unit for closer monitoring. Empiric vancomycin and cefepime were started promptly. The initial hemoglobin level was 6.1mg/dL with a leukocytosis of 31.2 K/CUMM and absolute neutrophil count of 21.8 K/CUMM;total hyperbilirubinemia of 17.45 mg/dL, direct hyperbilirubinemia of 11.46mg/dL and elevated INR at 1.66. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis without contrast showed a known 4 cm cystic lesion of the right hepatic lobe and atrophic kidneys. Duplex flow of the abdomen and pelvis showed no portal vein thrombosis and patent flow in the portal vein and artery. Over the course of several hours, the patient's hemoglobin dropped to 3.8mg/dL with a steep rise in LDH and total bilirubin to 632 U/L and 27.04 mg/dL, respectively consistent with hepatic sequestration crisis. Patient was transfused with two units of packed red blood cells, fluid hydration and initiation of erythrocyte exchange transfusion. Prior to receiving exchange transfusion, the patient experienced rapid clinical deterioration with subsequent pulseless electrical activity. Return of spontaneous circulation was achieved transiently however patient's family at this point opted for palliative measures and the patient passed away shortly thereafter. DISCUSSION: Complications of SCD manifest in multiple organ systems. One of the few acute manifestations, hepatic sequestration crisis, is often unfamiliar to many clinicians and left unrecognized, results in poor clinical outcomes. It is rarely encountered and treatment options with blood and, more importantly, exchange transfusion remains often underutilized. CONCLUSIONS: Acute hepatic sequestration crisis is an often-unrecognized manifestation of SCD in which delay in diagnosis and prompt treatment with exchange and blood transfusions may impart a significant risk of mortality in an already prone patient population. Reference #1: Shah R, Taborda C, Chawla S. Acute and chronic hepatobiliary manifestations of sickle cell disease: a review World J Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2017;8(3): 108-116 Reference #2: Norris W. Acute hepatic sequestration in sickle cell disease. J of the National Medical Association 2004;96: 1235-1239 Reference #3: Praharaj D, Anand A. Sickle Hepatopathy J of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology 2021;11: 82-96 DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Karim Dirani No relevant relationships by Georgiana Marusca No relevant relationships by Aryan Shiari

MIS-CM imicking Acute Appendicitis

Introduction: Abdominal pain is one of the most common complaints seen in the pediatric acute care setting. SARS-CoV-2 disease in children includes a hyperinflammatory syndrome called Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). Gastrointestinal symptoms are most common in pediatric acute SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as in MIS-C. Case Description: A 13- year-old female presented with diffuse lower abdominal pain for 3-days. Pain was 10/10 in intensity, worsened with movement, and had associated constipation, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. Exam showed an ill-appearing female with labile vitals and generalized lower abdominal tenderness with good bowel sounds. Ultrasound suggested features of acute appendicitis but a follow-up CT did not visualize the appendix. She was admitted to the inpatient unit after routine screening revealed positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody but negative PCR. She received IV fluid bolus, narcotic analgesics, and ampicillin-sulbactam preoperatively. Within hours, she spiked high-grade fevers (101.4F), sustained hypotension, and tachycardia with concern for sepsis secondary to a possible ruptured appendix. She underwent emergency diagnostic laparoscopy which revealed bile-tinged fluid in the lower quadrant, a mildly inflamed appendicular tip without perforation, and thickened mesenteric nodes within the inflamed distal ileum. Intra-operatively, she had persistent hypotension requiring fluid boluses and vasopressors. Her admission labs revealed elevated inflammatory markers, deranged coagulation profile, and elevated cardiac enzymes. Her differential diagnosis was then revised to include MIS-C and severe sepsis. Antibiotic coverage was broadened to Vancomycin and Meropenem. An Echocardiogram showed mitral regurgitation with moderately to severely decreased right and left ventricular systolic dysfunction with an ejection fraction of 32.8% The patient was then transferred to the pediatric cardiac critical unit where she received treatment with IVIG, steroids, and anticoagulants. Her clinical status and lab studies improved with EF > 50%. She was discharged from the intensive care unit after 7 days and has had an uneventful follow-up. Discussion: Differential diagnosis for acute lower abdominal pain in an adolescent female is broad. Similar cases with predominant GI symptoms and later generalized multisystem involvement have been reported, however, most were managed conservatively. Two reports have been published on MIS-C presenting as acute appendicitis, but neither had significant cardiac involvement. Our patient's presentation can easily be confused with an acute surgical abdomen but the pathology report confirmed a congested appendix without any fecoliths supporting either inflammation or vasculitis as the cause for her presentation, which is in concordance with the hyperinflammatory state that has previously been described in patients presenting with a history of past SARS-CoV- 2 infections. Conclusion: MIS-C can mimic serious pediatric illnesses including sepsis, acute abdomen, and Kawasaki disease. Clinicians should have a low threshold for suspecting MIS-C, as prompt treatment can be lifesaving. Universal screening for COVID-19 infection with PCR and antibody tests can expedite the diagnostic evaluation of severely ill children. Showing reactive wall thickening of the cecum and small bowel loops (red arrow) and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes (yellow arrow). The appendix could not be visualized here.

CULTURAL BARRIERS AND PANDEMIC RESTRICTIONS RESULT IN A DELAYED DIAGNOSIS OF DRUG INDUCED LUPUS (DIL) AND SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE)

CASE: A 58-year-old female with a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia presented with a two- week history of abdominal pain and fevers. Per the patient, family history was unremarkable, and she denied alcohol, tobacco, or recreational drug use. She denied recent travel or sexual activity and had moved to the U.S. in the 1970s from Cambodia. Medications included amlodipine, atorvastatin, dapagliflozin, lisinopril, metformin and sitagliptin. Physical exam was notable for bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, and right sided abdominal tenderness. Laboratory data was notable for microcytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated transaminases, D-dimer, and C- reactive protein. Urinalysis demonstrated microscopic hematuria and proteinuria. Imaging showed diffuse lymphadenopathy and hepatomegaly. Autoimmune work-up was strongly positive for ANA, anti-histone, and anti DS DNA. Kidney biopsy was suggestive of glomerulonephritis. Liver biopsy was suggestive of drug induced liver injury or autoimmune hepatitis. A diagnosis of DIL and SLE was not reached until additional historical data from the patient's son was provided on hospital day 4;namely that the patient had a 30-lb unintentional weight loss, took unknown herbal supplements and had a daughter who passed away from complications of lupus. IMPACT/DISCUSSION: DIL is a rare adverse reaction to many drugs that generally manifests with mild systemic symptoms such as low-grade fevers, anorexia, and fatigue and rarely involves classic symptoms of SLE such as skin findings and major organ involvement. Notably, DIL can unmask clinically silent SLE and thereby lead to lupus like syndromes. This patient presented with mild symptoms and underwent an extensive workup due to missing key historical data which led to a delayed diagnosis. Due to COVID-19 restrictions on visitation, it was not until hospital day 4 when the patient's son visited that the team became aware of an unintentional 30-lb weight loss, unknown herbal supplement use, and a family history of SLE. The lack of such critical information stemmed from the fact that we did not ask about the use of supplements properly and never revisited it in a different manner. The patient did not share the cause of her daughter's passing as she was unaware of it, which may speak to cultural limitations in sharing health information among family members. It is imperative that as clinicians we constantly revisit the history and diversify our questions. A more complete history would optimize our workup and limit unnecessary testing, including blood draws and painful biopsies, which unfortunately occurred in this patient. CONCLUSION: A thorough history is important to achieving a timely diagnosis and to avoid excessive testing and procedures. Revisiting the history is necessary to finding key information and clinicians should consider incorporating available family members early in the diagnostic work up, especially if the diagnosis is unclear.

UNUSUAL PRESENTATION OF RHABDOMYOLYSIS AFTER COVID-19 MODERNA VACCINATION

CASE: a 29-year-old male presented to the emergency room with diffuse abdominal pain associated with fever and loss of appetite. He received his Moderna COVID-19 booster Vaccine 24 hours before the onset of symptoms. Post-vaccine he had generalized muscle aches, fatigue, and subjective fevers. Examination revealed low grade fever, and diffuse abdominal tenderness. labs showed mild transaminitis (AST>ALT) and an acute kidney injury. His Urinalysis was positive for blood with no RBCs. An Abdominal U/S, CT abdomen and pelvis were unremarkable. A Creatinine Phosphokinase (CPK) was checked as the pattern of AST>ALT elevation, creatinine elevation, and evidence of myoglobinuria were consistent with rhabdomyolysis. CPK was 11,974 U/L. He received aggressive IV hydration, clinically symptoms resolved and CPK trended down before discharge. IMPACT/DISCUSSION: Rhabdomyolysis (RML) is a life threatening clinical syndrome resulting from muscle injury causing muscle breakdown and necrosis which releases intracellular components into the circulation. If missed, RML can lead to acute renal failure. Quite often RML can be caused by viral or bacterial infections. There is a known correlation of COVID-19 causing RML. Most recently there have been 3 published cases of COVID-19 vaccine causing RML. One of the cases resulted in Acute Renal Failure and eventual death of the patient. In our patient a diagnosis of RML was made based on acute abdominal pain that was musculoskeletal in origin, elevated CPK, acute kidney injury, and Transaminitis which is seen in severe RML. Other common causes such as trauma, immobilization, strenuous exercise,medication use, alcohol use, or drug use were ruled out. There was no clear infectious or inflammatory cause identified. His symptoms resolved with aggressive hydration and we had evidence of laboratory improvement of CPK, Creatinine and LFTs. Given that the patient was in good health and the timeline of his COVID-19 booster was followed by muscle aches, fever, abdominal pain combined with resolution of symptoms after treatment, a diagnosis of vaccine- related rhabdomyolysis was made. CONCLUSION: Given the importance of vaccination and the widespread efforts to fight the spread of COVID-19 we strongly encourage everyone to get vaccinated. But despite the high efficacy of the vaccine and its safety, side effects are possible. It is important for physicians to be aware of the potential development of vaccine-induced rhabdomyolysis. We encourage physicians to be attentive to patients' medical history, family history and medication list in an effort to screen for possible risk factors of developing rhabdomyolysis. Patients should be advised to stay hydrated, monitor for symptoms and signs such as muscle aches, weaknesss, and change in color of urine. Prompt identification of vaccine- induced rhabdomyolysis and treatment with aggressive fluid resuscitation can prevent serious complications such as acute renal failure.

Clinicohaematological Patterns of Anemia and Correlation with Clinical Conditions in Children Aged 5 to 12 Years in Tertiary Care Centre

Objective: To classify the haematological pattern, severity of anemia in children 5-12 years age admitted and to find its correlation with the clinical conditions. Methods Crossectional study of 160 patients in two years was done. Patients satisfying the inclusion criteria were selected for study. Relevant clinical data were recorded in a structured proforma including detailed history was recorded with particular symptoms suggestive of anemia such as weakness and easily fatigability, breathlessness on exertion and pica. A thorough clinical examination of every child was done followed by routine investigations for anemia Results Patients between 7-8 year were found to be the most affected. Anemia was found to be more common in female children as compared to male children (F:M=1.13). Anemia is more common in undernourished child. Most common presenting symptoms were gastrointestinal including vomiting, diarrhea and pain abdomen. Most common sign was Pallor followed by other common signs included signs of dehydration associated with diarrhea, hepatosplenomegaly. microcytic hypochromic anemia was the most common morphological type of anemia and macrocytic anemia was the least common.Thalassemia cases were most common among hemolytic anemias. Iron Deficiency Anemia (Nutritional Anemia) was the most common etiology of anemia. Conclusion Dietary deficits affect children aged 5 to 12, creating financial, emotional, and psychological burden for patients and their families, as well as depleting critical national resources. As a result, screening for these illnesses, as well as early detection of anemia and related problems, is essential.

POS-934 ATYPICAL MULTISYSTEM INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN CHILDREN (MIS-C) PRESENTING AS GROSS ASCITES IN A CHILD WITH END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE

Introduction: Mankind has been ravaged by the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) since 2019. To date, we are still battling with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19). Although children seem to experience milder symptoms with acute COVID19 illness, some are burdened by multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) that classically observes a temporal relationship with COVID19. Methods: Clinical data retrieved from medical records and hospital electronic database with permission. Results: We report herein a 7-year-old incident dialysis patient with an atypical presentation of MIS-C. He had previously experienced recurrent peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis, which resulted in the removal of his tenckhoff catheter and was subsequently on chronic hemodialysis. He developed COVID-19 pneumonia after adults in the family caught the infection. The child experienced an uneventful recovery with nasal oxygen supplementation and a course of steroids. However, he developed gross abdominal distension approximately three weeks post COVID-19 which was not associated with fever or abdominal tenderness. A bedside ultrasound of the lungs suggested a normohydrated state with no signs of increased extravascular lung water. Simple ascites was demonstrated on ultrasound of the abdomen with a serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) of less than 1.1g/dL and an ascitic protein of 48g/L. The sample had a normal fluid cytology and was negative for bacterial, fungal and mycobacterial cultures. Interestingly, our patient had remarkably high inflammatory markers ie C-Reactive Protein (CRP) 111 mg/L, Procalcitonin 7.47 ng/mL, D-Dimer >7.65 mcg/mL and Ferritin 1650 mcg/L despite the absence of fever. The liver enzymes and complete blood counts were unremarkable apart from transient reactive thrombocytosis. His echocardiogram showed minimal pericardial effusion and the absence of coronary arteries dilatation. In the light of his complex clinical presentation, temporal relation with recent COVID-19 and unexplained signs of hyperinflammation, he was treated with Intravenous Immunoglobulin 2g/kg. Following that, we observed steady improvement of the inflammatory markers and resolution of the reactive ascites. At the time of writing, six weeks lapsed and he remained well on chronic hemodialysis. Conclusions: In conclusion, the exorbitantly high inflammatory markers and gross ascites otherwise unexplained by another disease proess could reflect an immune dysregulation post COVID-19 or an atypical presentation of MIS-C. Much is yet to be known of this very complex disease in children. No conflict of interest

Appendicular syndrome revealing kawasakilike syndrome: A case report

Background With the wide spread of the current SARS-CoV-2, It was found that about 2% of children was affected according to several studies, However, a small number of children with Covid-19 develop a significant systemic inflammatory response similar to Kawasaki disease, a new disease entity called multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Methods A 12-year-old child, without a notable pathological history, who presented to the emergency, during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, for management of a pseudo-appendicular syndrome. Our patient was initially assessed by the surgical team due to his query acute abdomen. The pain had been evolving for 3 days associated with several episodes of bilious vomiting in a context of fever at 38.5°. Abdominal examination noted abdominal tenderness and defence. Extradigestive signs were not reported, The Lab Testing objectified a CRP at 235, elevated white blood cells at 18 180, an abdominal ultrasound was requested returning without particularities. Faced with the persistence of bilious vomiting, surgical exploration was indicated objectifying a catarrhal appendix. A pediatric opinion was requested, the clinical examination shows conscious child who presents infra cervical lymphadenopathy with a fever at 38 associated with an erythematous skin rash on the back and aseptic conjunctivitis. The Lab Testing objectified an important inflammatory syndrome, a acute kidney and heart failure a Covid 19 serology was requested with positive IGG, négative IGM, PCR covid test was negative, given the unavailability of In immunoglobulins, the treatment was based on corticosteroid bolus then relay by oral corticosteroid associated with an anti-inflammatory treatment, gastric protection by proton pump inhibitors, treatment of heart and acute kidney failure. The evolution was marked by clinical and biological improvement Discussion Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among children and adolescents, is mainly responsible for mild respiratory symptoms, in contrast to the severe forms reported in adults [7]. A systemic inflammatory syndrome mimicking kDa, temporally associated with infection with SARS-CoV-2 (Kawa-COVID-19) has recently been described as a serious illness sometimes requiring intensive care (44%). The median age is older (> 5 years), the frequency and severity of myocarditis are very different from classic kDa, abdominal pain and/or diarrhea were more frequently (81%) reported than in classic kDa, heart failure, pneumonia, neurological and renal impairment, associated with elevated CRP, hyperferritinemia are more common in Kawasaki-Like syndrome [10]. Some investigations must be systematically realized urgently to diagnose potentially fatal complications. These include testing for myocarditis, patients should benefit from careful monitoring and treatment with IV Ig 2 g/kg should be administered rapidly and seems to be effective in the majority of cases, associated antiinflammatory therapy, such as steroids is necessary Conclusion Pediatricians should be aware of these atypical presentations of COVID-19 infection for early diagnosis.